ATHLETICS RESULTS - UNIVERSIADE 2011 / World University Games, Shenzhen

>> August 16, 2011

Universiade or World University Games (WUG) is an event organized by FISU (Federation Internationale du Sports Universitaire) and held every two years. WUG is the second largest multi-sport event in the World, after the Olympics. Summary:
Date: August 16 - 21, 2011 (athletics)
Location: Shenzhen, China
Event size: >170 countries / 13,000 athletes & officials
Athletics full result are as follow;



UNIVERSIADE, SHENZHEN 2011 – ATHLETICS RESULTS (MEN)
EVENT
Round 1
Quarterfinal
Semifinal
Final
100 meters
200 meters
400 meters
-
800 meters
-
1500 meters
-
-
5000 meters
-
-
-
10000 meters
-
-
-
Half Marathon
-
-
-
3000m Steeple.
-
-
110m Hurdles
-
400m Hurdles
-
20km Walk
-
-
-
Results  
50km Walk
-
-
-
x
4x100 meters
-
-
4x400 meters
-
-

Qualifying Round
Final
High Jump
Group A               Group B
Pole Vault
-
Long Jump
Group A               Group B
Triple Jump
Group A               Group B
Shot Put
Discus Throw
Group A               Group B
Hammer Throw
-
Javelin Throw
Group A               Group B

Day 1
Day 2
Decathlon
(100m)      (LJ a  b)      (SP a  b)  
(HJ a  b)      (400m)
(110mh)    (DT a b)     (PV a b)
(JT a b)     (1500m)     (Results)
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UNIVERSIADE, SHENZHEN 2011 – ATHLETICS RESULTS (WOMEN)
EVENT
Round 1
Quarterfinal
Semifinal
Final
100 meters
200 meters
400 meters
-
800 meters
-
1500 meters
-
-
5000 meters
-
-
10000 meters
-
-
-
Half Marathon
-
-
-
3000m Steeple.
-
-
100m Hurdles
-
400m Hurdles
-
-
20km Walk
-
-
-
50km Walk
-
-
-
x
4x100 meters
-
-
4x400 meters
-
-
-

Qualifying Round
Final
High Jump
-
Pole Vault
Group A               Group B
Long Jump
Group A               Group B
Triple Jump
Group A               Group B
Shot Put
-
Discus Throw
-
Hammer Throw
Group A               Group B
Javelin Throw
-

Day 1
Day 2
Heptathlon
100mh    (HJ a b)    (SP a b)   200m
(LJ a b)   (JT a b)  800m
Courtesy of AdrianSprints.com

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Richard Thompson 100m 9.85s (+1.0) Video

>> August 14, 2011

Olympic silver medalist Richard Thompson became the fastest man in Trinidad and Tobago when he run 9.85s (+1.0) in the 100m during the Sagicor-NAAA National Open Track and Field championships 2011, at the Hasely Crawford stadium, Port of Spain, TRI on August 13, 2011. The achievement, which ranked him 9th fastest in all-time lists, eclipses Ato Boldon's national record 9.86s which set 4 times during late 1990's. Thompson's previous record was 9.89s set en route to win the silver medal at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.


Keston Bledmen took silver in 10.06s while Aaron Armstrong bronze in 10.07s. Olympic silver medalist Marc Burns came 4th in a time of 10.09s, beaten Emmanuel Callender (10.12s) who finished 5th, slightly ahead of Darrel brown (10.13s) in sixth position.





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Chi Cheng The Greatest Asian Sprinter of All Time

>> August 10, 2011

Bronze from the 1968 Olympics
Chi Cheng is no doubt, the greatest Asian female sprinter of all-time. She conquered the World during her prime by producing seven World records over 100 yards, 100 meters, 200 meters, 220 yards, 100m hurdles. Within 1964 to 1970, she created a total of 44 Asian records. Chi Cheng's 100 yards record 10.10s set in Portland on 13 June 1970 lasted almost 40 years and only beaten by Veronica Campbell (9.91s) on 31 May 2010. She also won 77 gold medals in international competitions.

At age of 18 in 1962, she competed at a provincial games in Taiwan and breaks 4 national records. The records were from 80m hurdles (11.9s), High Jump (1.57m), Long Jump (5.58m) and Pentathlon (4,142pts).

Following the achievements she received scholarship from the government to study and training at the United States in February 1963. In the USA, she guided by coach Vincent Reel (said to be her husband ??) and has improved very fast. She participated in her second Olympics in 1964 at Tokyo. However, she didn't win any medal after finished 17th at heptathlon in 4,449pts and 11.1s at 80m hurdles.

Nevertheless, in 1968 Olympics at Mexico City, she won bronze medal from the 80m hurdles in a time of 10.51s, merely behind Australians Pam Kilborn (10.46s) and Maureen Caird (10.39s). She also entered the 100m dash and had done 11.4s during the semifinals before finished seventh in the finals in 11.5s. Wyomia Tyus won the final race in a World record time of 11.0s. A month before the games she equaled the previous 100m WR of 11.2s in Denver, USA, although she pulled her muscles (both legs) and had a knee surgery in 1967.

Chi Cheng's most successful year was in 1970. She set five World outdoor records, at 100 meters (11.0s), 200 meters (22.4s), 100m low hurdles (12.8s), 100 yards (10.0s) and 220 yards (22.6s). She also won 66 medals at outdoor events and 21 at indoor events. During the 1969-1970, out of 154 events (sprints, hurdles, long jump, relays) entered, she only lost once.

She was expected by coaches, writers, journalists, commentators, and fans to win at least one gold medal at the 1972 Olympics in Munich. Obviously she has a great chance to do so in 100m or 100m hurdles. But unexpectedly, she did not compete due to injury setbacks and had to undergo surgery, in which reportedly "not successful" and forced her to retire earlier.

Chi Cheng has won two gold medals from two the Asian Games. In the 1966 Asian Games in Bangkok, she leaped 5.95m in long jump to win the gold medal. At the 1970 Asian Games, also held in Bangkok, she won the century dash in 11.6s, half of a second ahead of silver medalist. She ran the 400m hurdles but stopped at 330m due to a severe thigh cramp.

Her stunning performances brought her many honours in 1971. She has been named "Athlete of the Year" by the Track and Field World and at the same time voted as "Global Athlete of the Year" by the Associated Press. In 2000, Che Ching was voted "Female Asian Athlete of The Twentieth Century" by the Asian Athletics Association as well as described by the IAAF as "Asia's Legendary Female Sprinter".

Chi Cheng's Biodata / Profile

Full Name: Chi Cheng
Nationality: Chinese Taipei / Taiwan
Born: 15 March 1944, Hsin-chu County, Taiwan
Height: 1.72m (5-8)
Weight: 136 pounds (62kg)
College: California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California
Club: Los Angeles Track Club
Coaches: S.S.Kwan (Junior- at Taiwan), Vincent Reel, 1914-1999 (Senior- at California, USA)

Appearance at:
Olympic Games: Rome 1960, Tokyo 1964, Mexico City 1968
Asian Games: Bangkok 1966, Mexico City 1968

Personal Bests:
60 yards: 6.5i (Toronto CAN, 05.02.1970)
100 yards: 10.0h / 10.10 (Portland USA, 13.06.1970)
100 meters: 11.22s +1.9 (Vienna AUT, 18.07.1970)
200 meters: 22.62s +0.8 (Munich GER, 12.07.1970)
220 yards: 22.4s (Los Angeles USA, 04.07.1970)
440 yards: 52.5s (Orange USA, 20.06.1970)
50 m hurdles: 6.9i (Vancouver CAN, 21.02.70)
60 y hurdles: 7.6i (New York USA, 1970)
80 m hurdles: 10.51s (Ciudad de Mexico MEX, 10.10.1968)
100 m hurles: 12.93s 0.0 (Munich GER, 12.07.70)
High Jump: 1.585m (Westminster USA, 18.05.1963)
Long Jump: 6.35m (Claremont USA, 28.03.1970) & 6.42i (New York USA, 17.02.1970)

References / recommended reading
Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: The Twentieth Century 1912-2000
Asian Athletics All-Time Rankings as at 2000 (contact: HHubbeling@t-online.de)
The International Track & Field Annual

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Michael Johnson Still the Best - TOP 3 Races Ever

>> August 07, 2011

You may argue when i say he is the best track and field athlete of all-time, but you cannot argue the fact that he is the greatest 400m runner of all-time, the greatest 200-400m combined of all-time, and the greatest athlete during the last decade of the 21st century (1990's), too.

I love the way this man sprinting, unique style, upright stance, and very steady. He was coached by Clyde Hart, who is regarded as the greatest quarter-miler coach of all-time. He is 78 years old in 2011 and coached for more than 45 years. If you wonder he has produced the likes Jeremy Wariner, Greg Houghton, Sanya Richards etc.

Johnson's best times are 19.32s at 200m (1996 Olympics - WR at the time), and 43.18s at 400m (1999 World championships - present WR). He also holds the World record best at 300m in 30.85s. He won 8 gold medals at the World championships and 4 at the Olympics ... (just to list a few). Here is my Michael Johnson's TOP 3 races of all-time;


1- Michael Johnson's 400m World Record (43.18s) at 1999 WCh, Seville

2- Michael Johnson's 200m World Record (19.32s) at 1996 Olympics, Atlanta

3- MJ's 400m Semifinals (43.95s - "shutting down" at 300m), 1999 WCh

Extra- You can also watch "The Greatest Moment of Michael Johnson's Career"

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Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Athlete Performance - TIPS for Exercise, Training During Ramadan

>> August 04, 2011

During the month of Ramadan it's estimated that around 500 millions of adult Muslims all over the world fast from dawn to sunset. Generally, 'fasting' means you can't drink, eat, smoke, and have sex during the daylights. That will require those who fast to change the timing of food and fluid intakes, as well as sleep cycle.

One day of fasting seems to have no or a little effect on performance. However, thirty consecutive days of fasting may affect various performance factors including strength, speed, and endurance.

Previous studies have mentioned that Ramadan fasting contributed a fall in aerobic capacity, endurance, and ability to perform exercise at 75% of maximum vo2 max. There was also study that reported some decrements in general fitness components (speed, agility, endurance) and skill test (dribbling) following the fasting (1). The reasons of aforesaid decrements might be lack of fluid and food intake and sleep loss , in which subsequently increase fatigue.

However, recent study demonstrates that there were no clear effects in speed, power, agility, endurance and dribbling skill following Ramadan fasting (7). A study found that Ramadan fasting did not affect the physical performance of athletes, in fact improved performance (2). 

A study was carried out to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity and the removal rate of lactate in sprinters, thrower (athletics), and wrestlers (3). Results from this study suggested that Ramadan fasting may not produce adverse effects on body composition, anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity, and LA metabolism during, and after high intensity exercise if there is no change in total daily caloric intake (food and fluid), and no change in total sleeping hours or if everything are maintained as before Ramadan (3).

During Ramadan fasting, proper periodisation of training is important for maintaining and optimising the performance of athletes. Adjustment of training can have a remarkable effect on performance. High-level athletes can maintain performance during Ramadan if physical training, diet, and sleep are well-controlled (9).


Recommendation / Tips for Exercising During Ramadan


  • First of all, there is no reason to stop your regular exercise during Ramadan;
  • Exercise in the morning is okay as long the neuromuscular is already activated and ready to practice;
  • Exercise in the afternoon/evening (normally 2 hours before break fast) is okay but you may control  the training variables (volume, set, repetition) to adapt the physiological change occurred during Ramadan;
  • From the scientific research, experienced athletes may be able maintain the normal training loads (with some adjustments) when fasted in Ramadan's month;
  • Heavy gym session or weight training is preferably be done 1 and a half hour after first meal of post fasting so you can lower the risk of muscle damage;
  • Other reason to exercise at evening is you can consume your supplement foods as usual;
  • If your aim is to lose weight, the best time to perform the workouts is 1 - 1.5 hours prior to break-fast (evening);
  • You may drink heap of waters during sunset to dawn (not dawn to sunset, of course !!);
  • Maintain the daily calorie intake (food & fluid) as before Ramadan (very important);
  • Make sure that you consume protein with the pre-fasting and post-fasting meals;
  • Taking extra multivatamin, protein shake, protein bar are also very helpful;
  • You should ensure adequate sleep and good nutrition to preserve performance and general health.

  • It's clear that you don't really need to make an excuse regarding your practice or training during Ramadan. However to keep your body (and mind), fit and healthy, good diet, sleep etc as mentioned above should be adhered, or your training's performance may decline as reported from the scientific studies. Kindly remember that training impact from week 1 to week 4 of fasting month may be different (increase), thus adjustments of diets and workouts are vital.

    References
    (1) Impact of Ramadan on physical performance in professional soccer players
    (2) Influence of Ramadan fasting on physiological and performance variables in football players: Summary of the F-MARC 2006 Ramadan fasting study
    (3) Influence of Ramadan fasting on anaerobic performance and recovery following  short time high intensity exercise
    (4) Effect of Ramadan fasting on 60 min of endurance running
    (5) Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on aerobic an anaerobic performances
    (6) Is diurnal lifestyle altered during Ramadan in professional Muslim athletes
    (7) The influence of Ramadan on physical performance measures in young Muslim football
    (8)  Effects of Ramadan on physical performance: chronobiological consideration
    (9)  Influence of Ramadan fasting on anaero bic performance and recovery following short time high intensity exercise

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    The Importance of Wind Gauge in Track Meet - Wind Correction and Correlation with Performance

    >> August 03, 2011

    When you watch track and field competition on TV, two things that are often mentioned by a commentator, the time or distance achieved by performer and then the wind reading. Why? This is simple, no matter how fast you ran or jumped, your performance would not be considered "legal" when the wind reading is not within the legal limit. Mentioning the wind reading can give an immediate feedback to fans and stakeholders as well so they will have an idea whether somebody has set a record (PB, NR etc.). Not all events require wind gauge, the use of this instrument only apply to these events, 100m, 200m, 110mh, 100mh, long jump and triple jump.

    Terminology
    Wind reading is expressed in metres per second (m/s). A positive reading (tailwind) means the wind direction is from behind (which helps increase velocity), while a negative reading (headwind) refer to the a wind that blows against an athlete as he/she move forward. In the affected events, all the "negative wind" such as -0.5, -1.8, -3.0 are considered "legal", while "positive wind" would only be considered legal when the reading is not exceeding +2.0, means that +2.01 would be illegal and performance may not be ratified (as new record).

    Basic rules of wind gauge operation
    For sprints and hurdles, the anemometer (wind gauge) must be placed at 50m mark (just adjacent to lane 1) before the finish line. It should be measured (to start recording) from the start of race (100m - 10s duration and 110mh - 13s), or the last 100m for the 200m event (10s duration). You don't have to worry when do you stop it, it will operate (when you push button for the manual wind gauge) and stop automatically (pre-set the duration). For the jumps, it should be placed at 40m (long jump) or 35m (triple jump) distances from the take-off line, and measured for 5 seconds from the commencement of the run or when the athlete crosses the anemometer.

    Southeast Asian practice
    One main setback in Southeast Asian competitions has been the lack of awareness and concern among the organizers/officials regarding the importance of wind gauge. This will be further elaborated in this article.

    Before I go any further, you should know this - operating the anemometer or  wind gauge is actually the most easiest technical job in an athletics meet.

    What are their significance in the relation of athletes' performances?

    100 metres
    It has been shown that the advantage (and disadvantage) of every 0.2m/s of wind is about 0.01 second. It means a 0.5m/s of tailwind would help athletes to run faster by approximately 0.025s, whereas a headwind -0.5m/s would cost the athletes'  time by 0.025 (same amount with tailwinds).

    Wind Gauge
    +0.5wind = 0.025s advantage
    +1.0wind = 0.05s
    +1.5wind = 0.075s
    +2.0wind = 0.10s
    +3.0wind = 0.15s
    +4.0wind = 0.20s.
    -0.5wind = 0.025s disadvantage
    -2.0wind = 0.10s ...

    In women's 100m, higher advantage and also disadvantage were found with the same amount of winds. Perhaps, bodyweight factors contribute to the finding.
    --> Tailwind: +1.0  = 0.07s ,+2.0 = 0.12s.
    --> Headwind: -1.0 = 0.07s, -2.0 = 0.12s.

    Case: Christophe Lemaitre ran 9.92s (+2.0) at 100m in French Nationals recently, and his best time prior to the race was 9.95s (+1.0). It was a huge improvement when you take into account that he was expected to achieve his best (peak) during the World champs (would be held in less than a month) not during French nationals. But the question is that does he actually improved? Obviously yes!. However if you are a critical coach, taking all things into consideration, he did not!. Because 9.92s with +2.0 winds would equate to about 10.02s in a condition of no wind assistance at all (0.0). His previous PB (9.95, +1.0) would be around 10.00s, that is 0.02s faster than his performance from the French Nationals. Other examples;

    Obadeli Thompson 9.69A (+5.7) in 1998. PB at the time 9.87A (-0.2).
    ---> Exact time: 9.90s (slower than his PB). #Both (9.69 and PB) are achieved at altitude which should requires more specific/different calculation, but I will discus about "advantage in performances at altitude" in the next time.

    Norjannah Hafiszah (Malaysian sprinter) 11.60s (-1.5) in 2011. Will she break the NR 11.50s held by G.Shanti? If her time was really accurate (timing system was not malfunction), yes that's the possibility.
    ---> Possible time: 0.0 (no wind) = 11.53s, given with +1.0wind = 11.48s (yikes... NR!!).

    Click here to adjust / calculate / estimate your real time for 100m.

    200 metres
    Electronic Wind Gauge

    In 200m sprint, the calculation involves wind reading, the lane, and altitude if relevant.
    --> Tailwind: +0.5wind = 0.04s advantage,
    +1.0wind = 0.07s,
    +1.5wind = 0.11s,
    +2.0wind = 0.15s.

    --> Headwind: -0.5wind = 0.03s advantage,
    -1.0wind = 0.06s,
    -1.5wind = 0.11s,
    -2.0wind = 0.15s.


    Above information is not considering altitude and lane effects. Perhaps I'll need to discus about the altitude and centrifugal effect (lane/curve effect) in the next post.

    Case: Leroy Burrell of USA ran 19.61s at Texas in 1996. This performance was better than the WR at the time (19.72s by Pietro Mannea). But it was not ratified due to "too much wind assistance" (+4.0). However, when you perform the wind adjustment (0.0), his time would only be around 19.83s.

    Click here to adjust / calculate / estimate your real time at 200m where you can include all factors (wind, lane, altitude).

    110mh / 100mh
    In high hurdles, the predicted influence of winds is much more higher than the other events. One  study in the past has elaborated that the time in 110mh can be improved as much as 0.19s when the race is assisted by wind of +2.0m/s. Below is the detailed information for men's 110mh / women's 100mh (from other studies);
    --> Tailwind: +1.0wind = 0.12s  / 0.11s advantages
    --> Tailwind: +2.0wind = 0.22s  / 0.21s advantages
    --> Headwind: -1.0wind = 0.13s / 0.13s disadvantage
    --> Headwind: -2.0wind = 0.27s / 0.28s disadvantage

    Case: Rayzam Shah of Malaysia has ran 13.94s (-0.2) in Asian champs recently. Given a +1.0 tailwind he would have run 13.81s. Hence, we know that he actually has potential to run 13.72 - 13.75s (at his top form and given a great condition with tailwinds of +2.0)

    Horizontal jumps
    It was indicated that a +2.0 tailwind would give an advantage to long jumpers by at least 5cm and can be up to 16cm (men). Bob Beamon comes to mind. Bob Beamon's 8.90m performance has been contributed significantly by the (maximum allowable) tailwinds (+2.0m/s) by approximately 16cm, in addition to another 12-14cm advantage from the thinner-air at altitude. The rest was his efforts, of course. I witnessed a massive jump of 8.78m during the Australian championships last year. It was registered by Fabrice Lapiere who has a current PB of 8.40m (8.35m before the 8.78m). It was a wind-assisted performance (+3.1) but it also shows that bigger winds could possibly help athletes jump with even further distance, more than to what has been anticipated in research papers?

    Statistics of wind reading in athletics meets
    This part highlights the current practice (use of wind gauge in meets) of track organizers during their meets. Several official results (up to 10) were randomly selected (during 2010/2011 athletics season) from each of the following countries;

    Ultrasonic Wind Gauge
              NATION                                   W.R.M         W.R.M.R
              Australia ...................................... 10 ............... 10
              Korea .......................................... 10 ................ 10
              India ............................................. 6 ................. 6
              Indonesia ..................................... 4 .................. 4
              Laos ............................................  0 .................. 0
              Malaysia ......................................  2 .................. 1
              Myanmar ...................................... 0 .................. 0
              Philippines .................................... 7 .................. 6
              Singapore ..................................... 9 .................. 7
              Taiwan ........................................ 10 ................. 10
              Thailand ....................................... 9 ................... 7
    W.R.M  = Wind Reading Measured     
    W.R.N.R = Wind Reading Measured (and results) Reported

    From the above, wind reading has not been a big deal and were not entirely measured (or reported) in several-to-many competitions in Southeast Asia (see W.R.M = number of meets with wind gauge, and used it for wind measurement). At the same time, several competitions which have actually measured the wind speed (again see W.R.M) didn't bother to report the reading (see W.R.M.R = number of meets that actually reported the readings). One example based on above, out of many competitions in Malaysia during the year, only 2 out of 10 competitions have the wind speed measured, but unfortunately only 1 out of the 2 has taken initiative to report the readings (in official results). This means that from many competitions held in Malaysia, you will see only one (or maybe just a few) official results that included the wind information of all the affected events.

    End notes
    • Wind gauge is compulsory (by rules) in track and field meets and its reading must be reported along with the official results. 
    • If not the case, the athletes and coaches will have difficulty to do performance analysis and they do not know whether there is improvement from one season to another. 
    • Therefore, track organizers must consider this matter very seriously for the benefit of athletes and coaches. 
    • Wind reading information is very useful for tracking the seasonal performance's fluctuation. 
    • Besides, operating the wind gauge is the most easiest work in athletics meet.
    Samuel Francis (PB 9.99) crosses 50m mark to win his race (by Jad Adrian)
    References
    A realistic quasi-physical model of the 100 metre dash by J.R. Mureika
    A mathematical analysis of the bioenergetics of hurdling by A.J Ward-Smith
    A model of wind and altitude effect 110m hurdles By Spiegel & Mureika
    The legality of wind and altitude assisted performances in the sprints by J.R Mureika
    Effects of winds on world class long jump performance by David W. Murrie
    What really are the best performances? J.R. Mureika
    Comparing 100m sprints by K. Duffy

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    ASIAN LEADERS (Men)

    To be updated

    STATISTICS

    STATISTICS

    ASIAN LEADERS (Women)

    To be updated

    Statistics


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